Business Terms
This glossary of business terms is drawn from the articles found in our Candle Making Business Guides. If you come across a term you're unsure about, or think would be a helpful addition to this page, please email us!
General Terms
- Brand
The overall image, reputation, and identity of a business. It includes the logo, colors, messaging, and emotions the business and its products evoke.
- Branding
The process of creating and maintaining a consistent image and message for a business across all customer touchpoints.
- Bulk Ordering
Purchasing materials or supplies in large quantities, typically at a discounted price.
- Business Insurance
A range of insurance policies designed to protect a business from various risks and liabilities.
- Business Interruption Insurance
Coverage that helps replace lost income from a business that has had to temporarily close or cease operations due to a covered event.
- Business Property Insurance
Insurance that covers damage to a business's physical assets, including buildings, equipment, raw materials, supplies, and finished inventory.
- Copyright
Legal protection for original creative works like product designs and website content.
- General Liability Insurance
Insurance coverage that protects a business from third-party claims of bodily injury, property damage, or personal injury.
- Gross Revenue
The total amount of money earned from sales before deducting any expenses.
- Inventory
The raw materials, work-in-progress products, and finished products that a business has on hand.
- Limited Liability Company (LLC)
A business structure that provides personal asset protection and tax flexibility for owners.
- Marketing
Activities aimed at promoting and selling products or services to potential customers.
- Net Revenue
The total amount of money earned from sales after deducting expenses.
- Overhead
Ongoing business expenses not directly tied to the creation of products. Examples include rent, utilities, and insurance.
- Product Liability Insurance
Coverage that protects a business if a product it sold is defective and causes harm, injury, or damage.
- Profit
The amount of money from sales when revenue exceeds all expenses.
- Resale License or Certificate
A document that allows a business to purchase goods wholesale, without paying sales tax, for the purpose of reselling them.
- Sales Tax Exemption
The ability to purchase items like raw materials and supplies without paying sales tax, for the purpose of making products to resell.
- Scaling
Growing business operations to handle increased demand and production without significantly increasing costs.
- Sole Proprietorship
A type of business entity owned and operated by a single individual with no legal distinction between the owner and the business.
- Target Market or Audience
The specific group of customers most likely to buy a business's products, usually defined by characteristics like interests, age, location, etc.
- Trademark
A symbol, word, or phrase legally registered or established by use to represent a business or product.
- Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Techniques that aim to improve a website's visibility and ranking in search engine results.
- Social Proof
Evidence that people have purchased and enjoyed products, such as customer reviews or testimonials.
Marketing
- Automated Emails
Pre-written emails sent automatically based on specific triggers or customer actions.
- Call to Action
A prompt encouraging a reader to take a specific action, such as "Shop Now" or "Learn More." Typically used in email and social media marketing.
- CAN-SPAM Act
A federal law that sets rules for commercial email and establishes requirements for commercial messages, giving recipients the right to stop emails.
- Content Calendar
A schedule of when and where to publish upcoming content, including social media posts, blog articles, and marketing emails.
- Email Marketing
The use of email to promote products and services, and build relationships with potential and existing customers.
- Email Pop-Up
A form that appears on a website inviting visitors to sign up for an email list.
- Email Service Provider (ESP)
A company that provides a platform for email marketing services, including tools for creating, sending, and tracking the performance of sent emails.
- Landing Page
A dedicated webpage designed to convert visitors into leads or customers.
- Logo
A graphical mark or symbol used to identify a brand.
- Mass-Market
Products designed to appeal to a wide range of consumers.
- Mid-Market
Products positioned between budget and luxury levels that appeal to middle-income consumers.
- One-Off Marketing Emails
Single, non-automated emails sent to promote a specific offer or share content that nurtures the relationships between a brand and recipient.
- Post-Purchase Emails or Email Series
Automated emails sent by a business to a customer after they make a purchase. They can provide more information about purchased products, encourage more purchases, or request a review.
- Preheader
The short text that follows the subject line when an email is previewed in the inbox.
- QR Code
A type of barcode scannable by smartphone cameras to access a website.
- Return on Investment (ROI)
A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment; can be used to compare the efficiency of different investments.
- Subject Line
A short line of text that summarizes the content of an email; it appears in the recipient's inbox next to the sender's name.
- Tagline
A memorable, usually short, phrase used in marketing to reinforce a brand's key message.
- Transactional Emails
Automated emails triggered by specific customer actions, such as order confirmations or password resets.
- User-Generated Content (UGC)
Any form of content created by users or customers of a business, such as reviews, social media posts, and photos featuring products.
- Welcome Email or Welcome Series
A single automated email, or a set of emails, sent to new subscribers or customers to introduce them to a brand.
Pricing
- Cost of Goods (COGs)
The direct costs associated with producing a product, including materials and labor.
- Fixed Cost
Expenses associated with a business like rent and insurance that remain constant regardless of production volume.
- Margin
The difference between the selling price of a product and its cost to make, often expressed as a percentage.
- Mark Up
The amount added to the cost of a product to set its selling price; can be expressed as a percent, multiplier, or flat amount.
- Perceived Value
The worth that a customer believes a product has; may differ from its actual cost or market price.
- Price Point
The price at which a product is marketed and sold.
- Variable Cost
Expenses that change in proportion to production volume, such as raw materials and packaging.
Product
- Bundles
A group of products sold together as a single unit, often at a discounted price.
- Collection
A group of related products designed to be marketed and sold together.
- Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA)
A U.S. law requiring consumer product labels to provide accurate and specific information about the product, its contents, and the manufacturer.
- Main Label
The primary label on a product containing essential information like the product name, net weight, and manufacturer name.
- Net Weight
The weight of a product itself, not including the packaging or container.
- Outer Packaging
The exterior container or wrapping that protects the product and often includes branding and product information.
- Portfolio Pack
A selection of products packaged together that showcases a collection or full line, often used for wholesale or marketing purposes.
- Product Description
A written explanation of a product's features, benefits, and specifications.
- Product Line
A group of related products marketed under a single brand name.
- Sampler Set
A collection of small-sized versions of products that allow customers to try multiple items.
- Subscription Box
A service where customers receive a curated selection of products on a recurring basis.
- Warning Label
A label that provides important safety information or cautions about a product and its use.
Selling
- Brick and Mortar
A traditional, physical retail store, as opposed to an online store.
- Buyer
A professional responsible for selecting and purchasing products for a retail store.
- Commission
A fee paid to a salesperson or sales platform based on the amount of the sales they generate.
- Consignment
An arrangement where a retailer sells products on behalf of a maker and pays the maker after the items sell.
- E-Commerce
The buying and selling of goods or services via the internet. Shortened version of electronic commerce.
- Exclusivity
An agreement between a wholesaler and retailer that stipulates the retailer will be the only party to sell a brand's products in a certain area, market, city, or zip code.
- Line Sheet
A document for potential retail buyers outlining a brand's products with wholesale prices and ordering information.
- M-Commerce
The buying and selling of goods or services online via mobile devices. Shortened version of mobile commerce.
- Marketplace
An online platform where multiple sellers list and sell their products.
- Order Minimum
The smallest quantity or dollar amount a wholesale customer must purchase to place an order.
- Pitch
A proposal to introduce products to a potential buyer or retailer with the end goal of making a sale.
- Point of Sale System (POS)
The hardware and software used to process customer transactions in a retail setting.
- Pop-Up Event
A temporary retail space or event where products are sold for a limited time.
- Private Label
Products manufactured by one company and sold exclusively under another company's brand.
- Promotion
Marketing activities designed to increase product sales or brand awareness.
- Retail
The sale of goods directly to consumers, typically in small quantities
- Sales Channel
A method or platform through which products are sold to customers, such as online stores, retail shops, craft fairs/markets, or wholesale.
- Sales Platform
A software system or website that facilitates the selling of products online.
- Sales Representative
An individual who sells products on behalf of a company, often to wholesale buyers or retailers, for a commission.
- Shopify
A popular e-commerce platform that allows businesses to create online stores and sell products.
- Terms and Conditions
The rules and guidelines that govern a relationship between a business and its customers.
- Trade Show
An event where businesses in a specific industry showcase and demonstrate their products to potential buyers, and take wholesale orders.
- White Label
A product made by one company that other companies rebrand and sell as their own.
- Wholesale
The discounted sale of goods in large quantities, typically to retailers who resell the items to consumers at a higher price.